4/10/2024 0 Comments Modular off grid homes typesparaffins or fatty acids - a lot of heat energy. Glauber's salt or sodium acetate and organic compounds, e.g. Upon melting, the storage medium - usually salts, e.g. Their function is based on the exploitation of reversible thermodynamic state changes of a storage medium, such as in the phase transition from solid to liquid (solidification / melting). Phase change materials, also called PCMs, are latent heat storage devices that can store a high proportion of heating and cooling energy over a long period of time and release it without loss. Two solar collectors in the middle of the flat roof also supply the drinking water storage tank. The electricity for the heat pump is supplied by the photovoltaic system on the roof and on the facade. The waste heat is used for heating the 180 liter hot water tank. The supply air thus passes the evaporator and is cooled. For this, the functions of the evaporator and the condenser in the heat pump cycle are reversed. If the shading elements are insufficient in the summer as a passive cooling measure, the compact device can also cool. As the heat pump is a series of two condensers, hot water is automatically prepared when the air is heated. This takes 75% of the heat from the exhaust air (exhaust air after the cross countercurrent exchanger) and requires 25% electricity to produce the desired room heat. If this is not sufficient or if there is a higher heat requirement, a reversible air/air or air/water heat pump is connected. A cross-countercurrent heat exchanger uses the heat of the exhaust air in the heating season, the cool outdoor air A compact unit combines ventilation, cooling, heating, water heating and storage in a 60 x 60 x 230 cm housing. The residual heat demand is provided by the controlled ventilation system, which also ensures the necessary hygienic air exchange. Due to the large glazing in the south, a large part of the required heating energy enters the building. Only when the passive systems (insulation, solar gains, night cooling) are no longer sufficient to meet the required living comfort, they are supplemented by the active energy systems. All technical building components, pipes and connections are combined in the core zone. The basic concept of the building technology is based on a passive low-tech system, which is supported by high-tech. This allows the PCM to actively cool constantly. These absorb the heat of the phase change material and transport it into the water tank. On the opposite side of the heat exchanger is the cooling circuit, which consists of capillary tube mats in the ceiling. For this purpose, a built-in double soil water reservoir is used, which is connected to a heat exchanger. Cooling can be achieved by cross-ventilation between the north and south sides during the night or by passive cooling system of the PV modules on the roof. Once the wax contained in the PCM has completely melted, no further heat can be absorbed. Per volume unit, the material can store six times as much heat as concrete and thus acts as a latent heat storage. They store the heat energy generated during the day and release it at night. Plasterboard with integrated phase change material (PCM) compensate for heat peaks. The shading elements consist of the southern roof overhang and the lamellar shell of oak, which opens and closes when needed. During the hot summer days, the shading of the windows help to avoid overheating the interiors. In order to combine maximum living comfort with the lowest energy consumption, a compact and highly insulated building envelope was chosen. The house is a wooden lightweight construction with low heat storage mass compared to massive new buildings. The energy self-sufficient prefab home was built on the campus of the TU Darmstadt and transported to the USA after completion. The solar power off-the-grid prefab home "Solar House" designed by students of the TU Darmstadt has won the international competition "Solar Decathlon 2007" for the most attractive and energy-efficient solar house. Thermally activated component systems, heat pump, heat / cold storage, control engineering, plant management, building automation, solar thermal energy, photovoltaics, biomass utilization, building materials ecology Heating requirement (EnEV): 12,00 kWh / m²aĪrchitecture and engineering systems: thermal insulation, façade systems, glazing + windows, daylight planning, ventilation + heat recovery, active cooling, regenerative + passive cooling, Location: El-Lissitzky-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Hesse Design: Students of the TU Darmstadt, Department of Design and Energy Efficient Construction, Prof.
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